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The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcano in Tonga caused tsunamis in countries touching the Pacific Ocean from New Zealand and Japan to the U.S. West Coast — yet caused minimal damage to the Hawaiian islands, which are geographically closer than some of the more affected locations. Scientists think that has to do with the atmosphere.
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Two years ago, we reported on a new island in the South Pacific that reminded scientists at NASA of volcanoes on Mars. One of those scientists got an…